Ring Operator Symbol
∘ is the ring operator symbol (U+2218) commonly used in mathematical function and algebra notation.
U+2218
The symbol ∘ is called the ring operator. It’s primarily used in math to express composition and related operations. You can copy it directly or use its HTML, CSS, or JavaScript escape forms.
Ring Operator Symbol Meaning
∘ (U+2218) is the Unicode “RING OPERATOR” and is widely recognized in mathematical writing. A common use is to denote function composition, where f ∘ g represents applying g and then f. It can also appear in other algebraic or symbolic contexts where an “operator” circle is needed. In plain text, it’s often preferred over alternatives because Unicode provides a dedicated character with consistent rendering across fonts. When you need this exact glyph for equations, diagrams, or technical typography, copy the symbol or use the provided escape codes to avoid font or encoding issues.
Common uses
- •Denoting function composition in math notes and textbooks
- •Writing algebraic expressions that use an operator-circle notation
- •Formatting equations in documents, slides, and technical reports
- •Labeling operations in diagrams for algorithms or math workflows
- •Using the glyph in code comments, formulas, or README math sections
Examples
∘ Ring Operator
- ∘f ∘ g
- ∘h = f ∘ g
- ∘p(x) ∘ q(x)
- ∘i ∘ j produces the combined mapping
- ∘Let F = f ∘ g
Variations
Ready to copy
Technical codes
| Unicode | U+2218 | |
| HTML Entity | ∘ | |
| HTML Code | ∘ | |
| CSS | \2218 | |
| Alt Code | Alt + 8728 | |
| Decimal | 8728 |
How to type Ring Operator Symbol (∘)
On Windows
Hold Alt and type 8728 on the numeric keypad. In Word, type 2218 then press Alt + X.
On Mac
Switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard, then hold Option and type 2218. Or press Control + Command + Space and search.
On Linux
Press Control + Shift + U, type 2218, then press Enter or Space.
Anywhere
Copy ∘ with the button above and paste it wherever you need it — this works on every device and in every app, with no keyboard shortcut to remember.
FAQ
What does the Ring Operator symbol mean?
∘ (U+2218) is the Unicode “RING OPERATOR” and is widely recognized in mathematical writing. A common use is to denote function composition, where f ∘ g represents applying g and then f. It can also appear in other algebraic or symbolic contexts where an “operator” circle is needed. In plain text, it’s often preferred over alternatives because Unicode provides a dedicated character with consistent rendering across fonts. When you need this exact glyph for equations, diagrams, or technical typography, copy the symbol or use the provided escape codes to avoid font or encoding issues.
What Unicode character is ∘?
∘ is the Unicode “RING OPERATOR” with code point U+2218.
How do I copy ∘ reliably for math and equations?
Copy the symbol directly from this page, or paste it using the HTML entity (∘) or the provided escapes to keep it consistent.
Is ∘ the same as the degree symbol (°)?
No. ∘ is U+2218 (RING OPERATOR). ° is a different symbol with its own Unicode code point and appearance.
Where is ∘ commonly used?
It’s most commonly used in mathematical notation, especially to represent function composition.