Double Integral Symbol
∬ is the double integral symbol used to denote integration over a two-dimensional region.
U+222C
The symbol ∬ is read as “double integral.” It represents an integral taken over an area (a two-dimensional region) rather than just a line or a single variable. You can copy it directly or use its Unicode/HTML/CSS encodings when needed.
Double Integral Symbol Meaning
∬ (U+222C) is the Unicode character named “DOUBLE INTEGRAL.” In mathematics, it indicates a double integral: integration over a two-dimensional domain (an area in the plane). You typically see it with differential area terms such as dA, or with limits written as nested integrals to specify bounds for two variables. The same character is used in formula text, typesetting, and math-aware editors. Outside of formal math, it’s sometimes used as a concise visual cue for “integration over an area,” such as in engineering notes or instructional diagrams. It does not have a widely recognized non-mathematical meaning.
Common uses
- •Writing calculus/analysis notes that integrate a function over an area
- •Labeling figures and diagrams for 2D accumulation problems
- •Communicating formulas in textbooks, worksheets, and exams
- •Typing math in documents where Unicode symbols are supported
- •Using the symbol in code/templating systems via HTML/CSS/Unicode escapes
Examples
∬ Double Integral Symbol
- ∬∬ f(x, y) dA
- ∬∬_R g(x, y) dA
- ∬Find ∬_D ρ(x, y) dA for mass in a thin plate.
- ∬Compute the flux using ∬ S · n dA.
- ∬∬ over a rectangular region with specified bounds.
Variations
Ready to copy
Technical codes
| Unicode | U+222C | |
| HTML Entity | ∬ | |
| HTML Code | ∬ | |
| CSS | \222C | |
| Alt Code | Alt + 8748 | |
| Decimal | 8748 |
How to type Double Integral Symbol (∬)
On Windows
Hold Alt and type 8748 on the numeric keypad. In Word, type 222C then press Alt + X.
On Mac
Switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard, then hold Option and type 222C. Or press Control + Command + Space and search.
On Linux
Press Control + Shift + U, type 222c, then press Enter or Space.
Anywhere
Copy ∬ with the button above and paste it wherever you need it — this works on every device and in every app, with no keyboard shortcut to remember.
FAQ
What does the Double Integral symbol mean?
∬ (U+222C) is the Unicode character named “DOUBLE INTEGRAL.” In mathematics, it indicates a double integral: integration over a two-dimensional domain (an area in the plane). You typically see it with differential area terms such as dA, or with limits written as nested integrals to specify bounds for two variables. The same character is used in formula text, typesetting, and math-aware editors. Outside of formal math, it’s sometimes used as a concise visual cue for “integration over an area,” such as in engineering notes or instructional diagrams. It does not have a widely recognized non-mathematical meaning.
How do I copy the double integral symbol ∬?
Copy it directly as “∬”. You can also use the HTML entity (∬) or Unicode escape formats listed on the page.
What is the Unicode name and code point for ∬?
Its Unicode name is “DOUBLE INTEGRAL,” and its code point is U+222C.
When should I use ∬ instead of ∫?
Use ∬ when your integral is over a two-dimensional region (an area). Use ∫ for single-variable or one-dimensional integration.
What are the common ways to write the limits with ∬?
You often see ∬ with a region subscript (like ∬_R) or with explicit bounds via nested integrals. The exact notation depends on the problem and the formatting style.